Thursday, August 27, 2020

Summary To Preface To The Lyrical Ballads Essay Example

Synopsis To Preface To The Lyrical Ballads Essay Example Synopsis To Preface To The Lyrical Ballads Paper Synopsis To Preface To The Lyrical Ballads Paper In his Preface to the 1798 release of the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth introduced his graceful declaration, showing the degree to which he saw his verse, and that of Coleridge, as splitting endlessly from the imitation, detail or over-intricate and thought up nature of eighteenth-century verse. The Preface is itself an artful culmination of English writing, praiseworthy in its clear yet energetic guard of a scholarly style that could be well known without trading off aesthetic and lovely measures. However it is likewise indispensable for helping us to comprehend what Wordsworth and Coleridge were endeavoring in their assortment of stanza, and furthermore furnishes us with a methods for evaluating how effectively the sonnets themselves satisfy the gauges delineated in the Preface. The Preface covers various issues and is wide-running in its overview of the spot of the Lyrical Ballads on the contemporary scholarly scene. The subjects secured incorporate the accompanying: 1. The Principal object of the sonnets. Wordsworth, in this concentrate, puts the accentuation on the endeavor to manage characteristic (instead of cosmopolitan) man, contending that such men live a lot nearer to nature and, along these lines, are nearer to the well-springs of human instinct. Behind this, we can perceive the amount Wordsworth owes to that eighteenth-century distraction with regular Man, related especially with the works of Rousseau. He sees his verse, in its interests with the lives of men, for example, Michael, as a counteractant to the counterfeit pictures of Man introduced in eighteenth-century verse. The contention is created when he traces his explanations behind managing modest and natural life. 2. For Wordsworth (and Coleridge) this decision of topic essentially includes a reconsidering of the Language of verse. Note, in any case, that Wordsworth admits to some permit in cleaning up the language of customary men. Does this influence the enticement of his hypotheses about normal men? 3. This leads Wordsworth to an endeavor to characterize verse and its consequences for the peruser. Wordsworths venture is a hopeful one, and obviously Poetry, for him, has a fundamental job in instructing the psyche and reasonableness of his perusers, an ethical reason. This citation delineates how significant this big-hearted impact is for the peruser. 4. Unavoidably, maybe, the above leads Wordsworth towards asking What is a Poet? His answer shows the fundamental suppositions about the artist as the virtuoso, as the uncommon individual, fit for re-articulating thought and feeling in order to teach the peruser. Glossary Item The guideline object, at that point proposed in these sonnets was to pick occurrences and circumstances from basic life, and to relate and portray them, all through, beyond what many would consider possible in a determination of language truly utilized by men, and , simultaneously, to toss over them a specific shading of creative mind, whereby conventional things ought to be introduced to the brain in a standard perspective; and, further,, or more all, to make these circumstances and episodes fascinating by following in them, genuinely however not conspicuously, the essential laws of our temperament: primarily as respects the way wherein we partner thoughts in a condition of fervor. Unassuming and natural life Unassuming and rural life was for the most part picked, on the grounds that in that condition, the basic interests of the heart locate a superior soil where they can achieve their development, are less under restriction, and talk a plainer and progressively insistent language; in light of the fact that in that state of life, our rudimentary emotions coincide in a condition of more prominent straightforwardness, and therefore, might be all the more precisely considered, and all the more persuasively conveyed; on the grounds that the habits of country life sprout from these basic sentiments, and, from the fundamental character of rustic occupations, are all the more effectively understood, and are increasingly sturdy; and in conclusion, in light of the fact that in that condition the interests of men are fused with the wonderful and lasting types of nature. Language The language, as well, of these men has been received (filtered to be sure from what seem, by all accounts, to be its genuine deformities, from all enduring and normal reasons for aversion and nauseate) in light of the fact that such men hourly speak with the best articles from which with the best piece of language is initially inferred; and in light of the fact that, from their position in the public arena and the similarity and tight hover of their intercourse, being less affected by social assortment, they pass on their emotions and ideas in straightforward and unelaborated articulations. In like manner, such a language, emerging out of the rehashed understanding and customary sentiments is an increasingly perpetual, and an undeniably progressively philosophical language, than that which is much of the time fill in for it by Poets, who imagine that they are giving honor upon themselves and their craft, in extent as they separate themselves from the feelings of men, and enjoy discr etionary and whimsical propensities for articulation, so as to outfit nourishment for flighty cravings, of their own creation. Meaning of verse For all great verse is the unconstrained flood of incredible inclination: and however this be valid, Poems to which any esteem can be joined were never created on any assortment of subjects yet by a man who, being equipped with more than expected natural reasonableness, had additionally thought long and profoundly. For our proceeded inundations of feeling are changed and coordinated by our musings, which are in fact the delegate of all our past emotions; and, as by thinking about the connection of these general agents to one another, we find what is extremely essential to men, so by the reiteration and duration of this demonstration, our emotions will be associated with significant subjects, till finally, on the off chance that we be initially had of such reasonableness, such propensities for brain will be delivered, that by obeying indiscriminately and precisely the motivations of these propensities, we will depict questions, and express suppositions of such a nature, and in such as sociation with one another, that the comprehension of the Reader should fundamentally be in some degree edified, and his expressions of love fortified and filtered. What is a Poet? He is a man addressing men: a man, it is valid, supplied with all the more energetic reasonableness, more eagerness and delicacy, who has a more prominent information on human instinct, and a progressively exhaustive soul, than one expected to be basic among humankind; a man satisfied with his own interests and volitions, and who celebrates more than other men in the soul of life that is in him; pleasing to examine comparable volitions and interests as showed in the goings-on of the Universe, and constantly constrained to make them where he doesn't discover them. To these characteristics he has added a manner to be influenced more than other men by missing things as though they were available; a capacity of conjuring up in himself interests, which are to be sure a long way from being those delivered by genuine occasions yet (particularly in those pieces of the general compassion which are satisfying and brilliant) accomplish all the more almost recall the interests created by genuine occasions, than anything which, from the movements of their own personalities simply, other men are familiar with feel in themselves:- whence, and from training, he has obtained a more prominent availability and force in communicating what he thinks and believes, and particularly those contemplations and emotions which, willingly, or from the structure of his own psyche, emerge in him without prompt outside energy.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement Essay Example for Free

Asses sociological clarifications for ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment Essay Ethnicity alludes to shared social practices, points of view, and qualifications that set apart one gathering of individuals from another. That is, ethnicity is a common social legacy. The most widely recognized qualities recognizing different ethnic gatherings are heritage, a feeling of history, language and religion. Current Britain is supposed to be a multicultural society comprised of a wide range of ethnic gatherings. Accomplishment inside training is fluctuated across societies, with whatever as Chinese and Indian understudies performing over the normal, and African-Caribbean and Pakistani understudies performing admirably beneath normal. There are numerous components which can diminish a kid from an ethnic foundations fulfillment. For example, Material hardship. Material hardship centers around pay disparity and the material issues that are related with it. A case of such an examination is J. W. B Douglas, The Home and The School (1964). He contended that an interlocking system of disparities existed which worked against many common laborers understudies. This included, differential impacts of provincial and varieties in instructive arrangement and consumption. Additionally, lodging and ecological components. Which prompted odds of access to great elementary schools. Accordingly, blocking the opportunity of access to top streams. Therefore, minority ethnic youngsters are bound to live in low-pay families. This implies they face the issues that Douglas featured, the material variables, for example, low quality lodging, no working space and even conceivably terrible impact of companions. One other explanation behind contrasts in instructive accomplishment between ethnicities is the essential family life. African-Caribbean people group have an elevated level of solitary parenthood. As a matter of fact, it is evaluated half of African-Caribbean family units have a solitary parent . This can imply that many face monetary issues, this can prompt lower accomplishment in school (Douglas’ material variables). Then again, single parents can be a positive good example or impact for some, little youngsters, which means they perform better in training. Another clarification for ethnic contrasts is Language. For some offspring of an ethnic minority English isn't their essential language. This can be a weakness since they may not comprehend tests just as others. Likewise they may battle to communicate with restricted English. At long last, a few instructors may confuse poor English with an absence of insight, when really this could be totally false, implying that a sharp youngster might be let somewhere around the educator who probably won't push the understudy to their maximum capacity. In any case, you could contend that Chinese and Indian understudies first language isn’t English, then again in these two societies it is the standard to learn English as a solid second language. In this way, they are not impeded continuously language hindrance, instead of Bangladeshi’s for instance. Language was such a major issue, that Bernstein (1973) arranged understudies into two gatherings. Expounded and limited. On account of an expounded code, the speaker will choose from a moderately broad scope of choices. Anyway on account of a confined code the quantity of these options is regularly seriously constrained. Bernstein’s work was not generally adulated. For example, Labov (1974) contended that youthful blacks in the United States, in spite of the fact that utilizing language which positively appears to be a case of the confined code, by the by show an unmistakable capacity to contend legitimately. Their absence of information concerning the subject may arrive at farther than simply the tests they need to take. For example, because of the enormous measure of bombing dark Caribbean’s and Bangladeshi’s (a joined aggregate of 41% figured out how to get 5 A* C grades), educators might be subliminally biased against ethnic minorities. This can bring down the understudies fulfillments from numerous points of view, one is that the educators give the understudy lower grades. Another way is that the educator contrarily names an understudy of ethnic minority which can prompt unavoidable outcome. Prejudice can likewise prompt clash among understudies and instructors, making learning an a lot harder errand. Finally, bigotry can prompt low-confidence among ethnic minorities. A specialist who contemplates this was Howard Becker (1971). Becker Interviewed 60 Chicago secondary teachers. He found that they passed judgment on students as indicated by how intently they fitted picture of â€Å"ideal pupil†. Their direct appearance affected judgment. White collar class was nearest to perfect, average workers farthest away marked as seriously acted. Accordingly you can see, if instructors marked understudies on what they look like, you can envision how they would name an entire ethnic race. Another factor for ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment is the ethnocentric educational program. There are a few reasons why ethnic minorities may battle because of this educational program. One is that the subjects frequently center around British culture; normally White British understudies will have grown up with this culture, so they may have a more prominent comprehension of the substance than understudies who experienced childhood in an alternate culture. Another explanation is that the substance of the educational plan could bring down ethnic minorities confidence, this is on the grounds that frequently the white character is viewed as â€Å"good† and unrivaled while the ethnic minorities are viewed as â€Å"not as academic†. Be that as it may, it is critical not to overlook that each ethnic minority underachieves at this level. Truth be told, in the UK, Chinese and Indian students score preferable evaluations over the â€Å"White† ethnic race. One of the fundamental explanations behind this is the help of the guardians. Research has demonstrated that a few guardians of ethnic minority, for example, Chinese and Indian, look into their child’s instruction, they additionally energize their kid more than other in different societies. This clearly prompts higher accomplishment for the youngster. Not just the guardians have an impact. A few educators may generalization some ethnic minorities to be canny and persevering. This consolation and kind of help can help an understudy in raising their evaluations. To finish up, there are numerous sociological clarifications for the ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment, from language hindrances to family life at home. Be that as it may, it is critical to recall not every single ethnic minority to underachieve. Rafi Kentafi Lindill 12P.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Give Me Some Credit The History of Modern Credit Cards

Give Me Some Credit The History of Modern Credit Cards Give Me Some Credit: The History of Modern Credit Cards (1 of 3) Give Me Some Credit: The History of Modern Credit Cards (1 of 3)Credit and credit cards have become a part of everyday life for most Americans. Odds are you have one in your wallet right now. We use them for daily purchases as well as big ticket items without thinking twice. But be careful, think about it too little and you can wind up with bad credit which can make it difficult to get a loan, or purchase a home, or vehicle.So what is credit anyway? If youre in need of a bad credit loan, our look at the history of credit cards may be of great interest to you.The origin of creditThe concept of exchanging goods using credit has been around since at least the late 1800s. In those days, people would use what was referred to as credit coins and charge plates as forms of credit. In the early 1900s, companies began offering self-issued cards for purchases only made at their establishments in an effort to increase customer loyalty.1946 saw the release of the first bank card, referred to as C harg-It, created by banker John Biggins. When you made a purchase using a Charg-It card, the bank would foot the bill and then obtain payment from you afterwards. The catch was that it only worked for local purchases, and you had to have an account with Biggins Bank.[1] The type of credit card we use today didnt come around until a few years later.Modern credit cardsThere are several different versions of the story of the invention of modern credit cards. What is certain is that it started with a businessman named Frank McNamara. Its said that he was having dinner in a New York City restaurant with friends and when the bill came he realized he didnt have any cash. At this time, cash was the only way to pay. Some sources say he had to call his wife to bring him money, while others say he avoided washing dishes by signing his name and promising the restaurant he would pay them back for his meal. Either way, he decided there was probably a better way.McNamara went on to create the firs t American credit card company, the Diners Club. He founded the company in 1950. The company focused on allowing restaurant patrons to sign for their meal and pay for it later. When it began, the Diners Club had 27 participating restaurants and 200 members.It wasnt hard for McNamara to start making money once the club was established. Each member was charged a $3 annual fee for participation, while each restaurant was charged a 7% fee on all purchases. Needless to say, the cards became very popular with diners, and McNamara saw membership reach 20,000 in the first year. In its second year, the Diners Club made about $60,000 and began expanding to Canada, France, and Cuba.[2] Its really no surprise that people enjoyed having the freedom to make purchases without being charged right away.In 1958, American Express threw its hat into the ring by issuing the first plastic credit card (prior to this they were made of cardboard or celluloid) exclusively for travel and entertainment purpose s. In 1959, consumers saw the introduction of the revolving balance. This meant cardholders were no longer required to pay their bill in full at the end of each month. It gave consumers more flexibility, but also made it easier to end up in debt, much like the system we have today.[1]All of this led to the creation of the general purpose credit card which did not carry the limitations of only covering restaurant or entertainment purchases. American Express, Cart Blanche, and Bank of America all issued these types of cards. Bank of America then released the first nationally franchised card known as the BankAmericard, which would later become Visa.From that point, credit card use continued to grow. Over 75% of Americans today have at least one credit card, and as of 2012 credit card purchases in the US totaled 26.2 billion dollars.[2] While it might make life easier in certain situations, theres also much to be wary of in the world of credit cards. To learn more about the risks and re wards of credit card use, how to improve bad credit, and secure bad credit loans, check out the other parts in our Give Me Some Credit series:Give Me Some Credit: The Risks and Rewards (2 of 3)Give Me Some Credit: Line of Credit VS Credit Card (3 of 3)References Gerson, Emily Starbuck Woolsey, Ben The History of Credit Cards Accessed July 21, 2016. ConsumerFinance.gov Schmalbruch, Sarah The credit card was invented by a man who forgot his wallet at dinner March 2, 2015. Accessed July 21, 2016. BusinessInsider.com

Monday, May 25, 2020

Modern System Of Public Health - 802 Words

The concept of the public health was once compromising as the only governmental public health agencies. However, modern system of technology and education has brought into today’s green light that, the public health sector such as Medicaid, schools as well the environmental protection agencies plus that of the private sector organizations must be included into the concept, since they have a very significant roles to play in the health of the public. The services of public health mainly have four components and they include, mission, structure, process and outcomes. However, the services of the concepts entails a lot, and ten of which happens to be the most essential of it all will be discussed below. The concept (services of public health) develops policies and plans that support the efforts of the community as well as the health of the individual (hhs.gov). And this practice or services include successful, emergency response and state improvement that comes with community planning, alignment of resources, which assures a successful planning versus policy development that protect and guide the health of the public. Secondly, studies shows that, the system link the people in the community to the needed personal health services they need and assures them of the available provision of care and even when otherwise unavailable according to the centers for disease control and prevention (03/2014). This also means, it will identify the number of people with barriers to care andShow MoreRelatedModern System Of Public Health Services811 Words   |  4 Pagesof the public, health was once compromising as the only governmental public health agencies. However, modern system of technology and education has brought into today’s green light that, the public health sector, such as Medicaid, schools as well the environmental protection agencies, plus that of the private sector organizations must be included in the concept. This is because they are believed to have a very significant role to play in the health of the public. The services of public health mainlyRead MoreThe Importance Of A Better Care Sys tem For The Modern Age Of E Health Within The Online Medical And Public Domains1514 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees recently the corporate office contacted our offices in regards to CEO Chief Executive Officer Beranger, †HIPAA Health Information Portability and Accountability Act information request, she is requesting research information from us on the topic. Her plans include moving the health care organization toward the modern age of e-health within the online medical and public domains on the web. The goal is within reach of building sustained longevity within hippa guidelines and federal regulationsRead MoreThe Health Situation in China1207 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Situation in China A health care system refers to the comprehensive organization, structures and strategies through which Medicare and health care is made available by the government to its citizens. A health care system is a product of countries politics. It is a nations system of governance that will dictate upon the most convenient model of health care to adopt. There is no universally acceptable method, and in adopting each; a government has to take into account a variety of factors,Read MoreUse of Alternative Medicine Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects (Moon G, Gillespie R 1995). These forms of medicine have evolved recently as a reaction to high technology medicine. It was noted that many users of traditional remedies also use modern medicine at the same time. 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The political system is described by Johnson and Stoskopf (2010) as â€Å"parliamentary with a hereditary monarchy† (p. 262)Read MoreEvolution Of The Doctor Patient Relationship Into Modern Times1243 Words   |  5 PagesTHE EVOLUTION OF THE DOCTOR PATIENT RELATIONSHIP INTO MODERN TIMES With the onset of current technological innovations as well as new modern developments in the health care world, the traditional relationship doctors once had with their patients has evolved dramatically. Instead of strictly focusing on the well-being of their patients, doctors now more than ever have additional roles in the health care world, from advancing patient care outside of the hospital, to becoming more informed of the forRead MoreThe Influence of Medieval Medicine on Modern Medicine Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesMedicine on Modern Medicine The logic and principles of medieval medicine shaped those of Modern medicine. Never was there a more efficient method perfected, so much that it remained through history through so many hundreds of years. Today’s concepts of diagnosis, relationships with the church, anatomy, surgery, hospitals and training, and public health were established in the Middle Ages. In the Middle ages, the modern idea of society taking responsibility for its poor with public health care wasRead MoreThis Is Public Health - a Comparison Between Old and New Public Health Systems in Australia1595 Words   |  7 PagesAs the term ‘health’ progresses to even more dynamic and ambiguous territories in the world today, health promotion and public health organisations have become increasingly important and prevalent in our society. As the World Health Organisation has tried to define health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it is obvious that health is viewed from many perspectives today and this can help explain the trends and shiftsRead MoreVaccinations And Public Health : An Epidemic Of Yellow Fever Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesand public health recommendations. To have the health system we have today we first had to create and develop public health, bring t his entity into our decade and then continue to manage the framework to benefit the requirements of today’s health topics. Creating public health in America became prominent after the national capital had to be moved in 1793 out of Philadelphia due to an epidemic of yellow fever. Within the year of 1793 the city of Philadelphia developed its first board of health. (TurnockRead MorePolicy And Economics Of Healthcare Delivery1543 Words   |  7 PagesECONOMICS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY: ASSIGNMENT PART B. Health System Sustainability is attracting unprecedented global attention, particularly from organisations such as the WHO and OECD. Discuss (i) Why sustainability is becoming an important health system objective in industrialised nations; and (ii) Two policies that could potentially alleviate the economic pressures faced by modern health care systems. COURSE: MSC. HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY MODULE: POLICY AND ECONOMICS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY:

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Demographic And Political Trends Of Nigeria Essay

Demographic and Political Trends Nigeria is the highest populated country on the African continent. It is currently estimated at 167 million people (Subsidy Reinvestment Program SURE 2011). The country‘s estimated population includes 49% females and 51% males. The population grew by 2.5% in 2008, declined by 1.9% in 2009. The birth rate for the two years also reflects this decline from 43 births per 1,000 in 2008 to 37 per 1,000 in 2009. The death rate equally declined from 18 deaths per 1,000 in 2008 to 16.56 per 1,000 in 2009 (SURE program 2011). The life expectancy at birth was 46.94 years as of 2009. From the last census estimates, in 2006, 66.9% of Nigerians above the age of 15 are literate; while 71.3% of males in this category were literate whilst the figure for females was estimated at 62.4%. There is a high rate of urbanization which stands at 5.5% per annum (percentage of people living in urban area). While in 1985, 39% of the population lived in cities, by the year 2000, it had risen to 43.5%. Prese ntly it is estimated at 1⠁„2 the national population and this is expected to rise to about 70% in the next ten years In it’s over 50 years of independence from colonial rule, the military held the reins of power in the country for more than twenty-five years. Currently the country has had an uninterrupted democracy for the thirteenth year with four consecutive general elections. Unfortunately, tribalistic, ethnical and religious clashes have further weakened the fragileShow MoreRelatedLife Expectancy At The Philippines1795 Words   |  8 PagesOther reason why there was a deficiency in the SSS was because investments are linked to political and social considerations, limiting income and growth. Labor law, rules and regulations that protect workers’ economic security provides ways for employers to avoid the cost of social insurance, hence poor enrollment in SSS (DeCastro, 2015). Unlike Indonesia, the Philippines have a mandatory retirement age at 65 years old, even though individuals can retire as early as 60. But the life expectancy atRead MoreYouth Unemployment And Its Effects964 Words   |  4 Pagesresulting from failed neoliberal and global socioeconomic and political crises. This paper is going to explore the topic of Youth Unemployment, and its link to African development. Without emphasis, and initiative to change the stark reality of youth unemployment, Africa collectively will not be able to push towards development. Africa’s development won’t be decipherable. But if there is attention and programs directed toward the largest demographic in the continent, then change both economically and sociallyRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Poverty Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesA) Diversity of the causes of poverty in three different countries. â€Å"The causes of poverty include changing trends in a country s economy, lack of education, high divorce rate which causes feminization of poverty, having a culture of poverty, overpopulation, epidemic diseases such as AIDS and malaria, and environmental problems such as lack of rainfall†. (White, Killick Kayizzi, 2001) Almost half of the world over 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 a day. It is said that â€Å"aRead MoreThe American Family Has Changed Drastically Over The Years990 Words   |  4 Pageswomen waiting to, or even choosing not to, have children, and if this trend continues the detriment to society will be great. Another point made by Mackey and Immerman is that â€Å"†¦cultures which adhere biological social fathers to the mother-child(ren) dyad also have a demographic advantage when compared to cultures which positively sanction divorce and/or out-of wedlock births.†¦the gains of women in the occupational, political, and economic spheres, i.e. gender egalitarianism, appear to be of problematicRead MoreSocio-Economic and Demographic Features of Kidnapping in Nigeria: an Analytical Study5842 Words   |  24 PagesSOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF KIDNAPPING IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Abstract This study analyzed and reviewed the Nigerian print media coverage of kidnapping cases between 2005 and 2011. The focus of the study was to determine socio-economic and demographic features of kidnapping in Nigeria. Content analysis was adopted for the study as well as use of frequency tables for analysis of data. Anomie theory of crime based on Robert K. 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Broad external trends affecting the EC and its partners in the African union In today’s world of investment, every country, every region, competes for foreign direct investment; however, they do so disproportionately - one thing is for sure: The more FDI, the better. FDIRead MoreDemographic Transformation Model And The Demographic Transition Model2162 Words   |  9 PagesThe Demographic Transition Model is a simplification for the conventional process of shifts in population growth in our world’s countries. The Demographic Transition Model, also known as DTM, is derived from Great Britain’s model of their demographic cycle between the 1750s and the 1900s. It consists of five different stages, with the phases being low growth, increasing growth, population explosion, decreasing growth, and declining population. These phases are defined by a triple line graph of theRead MoreThe Development Goals Of The United Nation s Children Fund1980 Words   |  8 PagesSummary Every single day, Nigeria loses about 2,300 under-five year olds ranking the country as the second largest contributor to the under–five in the world. United Nation’s Children Fund (UNICEF) reports that â€Å"although analyses of recent trends show that the country is making progress in cutting down infant and under-five mortality rates, the pace still remains too slow to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of reducing child mortality by a third by 2015†, but that â€Å"the tragedy behindRead MoreChile, Indonesia, And Turkey2202 Words   |  9 PagesMint countries refer to Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey, which are economies that are gaining considerable investment interest given their potential for substantial economic growth. The features which these countries share are a fairly large population, which is considered to be young and growing and in addition a prime geographic location to capitalise upon nearby global markets. These features ar e distinctive against the developed markets and certain BRIC economies which are considered to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Affordable Health Care A Review of the 2010 HealthCare...

After months of substantial and aggressive deliberation around the United States, particularly in Washington, the HealthCare Reform of 2010 also known as the Affordable Care Act, was passed with a filibuster favorable to Democrats and signed into office on March 23rd by President Barrack Obama. Though it is intricately detailed, the ideal purposes as promised by those who promoted it are to provide inexpensive and uncomplicated health insurance to citizens along with enhanced coverage for those with pre-existing conditions, beneficial prescription drug provisions and changes to tax credits. Essentially, the law incorporates the positive aspects of today’s health care system and repairs the areas due for improvements. Over the first ten†¦show more content†¦The Affordable Care Act now makes it possible for patients to purchase coverage plans where otherwise they would have been refuted. Once intimidating and incapable of compromising their strict policies to suit each individual, the reform now holds them accountable for providing insurance to those who previously would have been deemed ineligible. Along with these early changes, young adults under the age of 26 can now partake in their parent’s insurance policies if their current employment neglects to offer them worker’s health coverage. By 2014, despite the seemingly flawless benefits, all citizens of the country are mandated to acquire health insurance or suffer the consequence of paying an annual fine, a fearful situation for low income families. Some additional restrictions placed on insurance agencies such as Medicaid are that they can no longer rescind a present client’s contract if they are diagnosed with a serious illness and now anyone can appeal a claim denial when formerly only this right was limited to only some policy holders. Though it specifically targets the connection between insurers and patients, many facets of society such as employer-employee protocols , important tax regulations, and even the country’s governmental budget are affected by supposed outcomes of the reform. Like any bill newly passed into law, there areShow MoreRelatedObama Care1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act deadline is quickly approaching. The bill aimed at reforming the health care industry was signed in to law on March 23, 2010. The primary focus of the law is to make healthcare services more affordable for all American Citizens. The Obama Care health insurance market place is set to open October 1, 2013. However, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has delayed the signing of final agreements originally set for the first of September to mid-monthRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of Wyoming1419 Words   |  6 PagesSubject: The Affordable Care Act This Memo responds to your request for information about the affordable care act. In this memo I will discuss the history of the act, major provisions of the act, and how the act will affect health insurance in the state of Wyoming. I will also address the reaction and impact the act has had on other states in the union. The affordable care act was implemented by the 111th United States congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 (U.S. DepartmentRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Is Necessary For Successful Medicaid Reform1376 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Affordable Care Act promotes Medicaid expansion. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The System of Employment Relations-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Role of the State in the System of Employment Relations in France and Denmark. Answer: Introduction Every state finds it very important to be involved in the system of employment relations in the industrial sector. This ensures that both the employee and the employers have their basic rights protected by the state. The state protects the rights of both employer and employee through enacting legislations and taking up other measures that will ensure that employment relations between employers and employees are carried out accordingly. This paper seeks to do a comparison between the involvement of the state both in France and in Denmark in the system of employment relations. It will analyze the laws and regulations that have been put in place by the state to intervene in the system of employment relations in the respective countries. The paper will seek to identify the similarities in both France and Denmark in its involvement in the system of employment relations. It will also identify the areas where the countries have a divergence in their involvement in the system of employment in their respective countries. In this paper, the role of trade unions will be analysed and their level of efficiency in controlling employment regulations both in France and Denmark. An analysis will be made to evaluate the level of which the state involves itself in the ongoing of the trade unions. In addition, the paper will analyse employment contracts and identify the elements that make the different types of contracts valid and the measures which the state takes to ensure that contracts between employers and employees are honoured by both parties. Both in Denmark and in France, the states encouraged workers to form trade unions(Kahler, 2014 ). In France, for example, is the French Democratic Confederation of Labour which is a recognized trade union in France and is recognized as the largest of them all. In Denmark, on the other hand, is the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions which consists of 18 trade unions. The states ensures that they do not directly involve themselves in the works of the trade unions. The trade unions are charged with the responsibility of fighting for the rights of the workers. The trade unions ensures that workers are treated right and they are given their wages accordingly. Employees have no powers to stop workers from joining trade unions. Trade unions use methods such as demonstrations and strikes to ensure that employees give into the demands of the trade unions. It is important to note that the trade unions are indirectly governed by the state. This is through stipulating laws within which trade unions should operate. Therefore, although trade unions are powerful both in Denmark and France, they can not engage in illegal activities. Unfortunately, memberships in trade unions both in France and in Denmark are slowly deteriorating(Alarcn, 2014). This trend has been evident for many years. Some companies have come up with smart ways of evading the law in regard to trade unions. The law stipulates a minimum number of employees beyond which a company should enrol all the employees to a trade union. The affected companies evade this by ensuring that they regulate the number of people they employ so as not to be forced to enrol the members to a trade union (Toth, Maitah, Stefkova, 2014). Both in France and Denmark, the state has stipulated employment law. The employment law is meant to govern employers and employees as they relate in terms of employment. In France, for example, the state has stipulated legal regulations that are meant to govern the public sector in relation to employment. These legal regulations ensure that those employed in the public sector are protected from any kind of exploitation. In 2015, a new labour code (Loi Travail law) was suggested to ensure that there can be two types of contracts whereby one is contracted at a company level and the other is at a national level(Gilpin, 2016 ). From this suggestion, it can be derived that the state in France has been in a constant process of updating their law to ensure that they protect both employees and employers. In both countries, employment laws are applicable to all employees inclusive of those at the topmost executive levels. It has been noted that the personnel at the topmost executive levels ha ve power over those at the bottom-most levels. However, the state, through the law, has ensured that the employees benefit from the work relationships between employers and employees. Employers also form their own confederations to ensure that they are protected. In France, for example, is the General Confederation of small size and middle size enterprises of France. Employment contracts are commonly used both in Denmark and in France(Brewster, Guery, Stevenot, Wood, 2016). These employment contracts are divided into two. They can either be written contracts or implied contracts. It is important to note that, for permanent employments both employees and employers are advised to draft a written contract. This is very vital in case one would need to refer to the contract and analyze its terms. A written contract between an employer and employee are governed by the state through the law. According to the law both in France and Denmark, a written contract is not subject to any changes by the employer without the consent of the employee. The only exemption to this requirement is when the employer is making an adjustment in the contract so as to ensure that the contract totally secures the rights of the employees(Jacquemond Breau, 2015). It can be concluded that, both in Denmark and in France, contract law has been used by the state to intervene in the systems of employment relations. The state both in Denmark and in France has also enforced laws so as to ensure that foreign employees enjoy good employment relationships(Toth, Maitah, Stefkova, 2014). Though these foreign employees may not be subjected to following the entire labour code both in France and in Denmark, there are specific laws that the foreigner is subjected to. The foreigner in their work must ensure that they respect the basic human rights of employees. The foreign employees are protected by the law to ensure that their rights are not trampled upon. Therefore, it is conclusive that the governments both in France and in Denmark have stipulated laws to secure the rights and freedoms of foreign employees. By so doing these states are able to maintain good foreign relations with other countries. In France however, there are some changes that are yet to take place regarding labour laws since the coming of the new French President Macron. These laws are expected to create conducive business environments . The laws seek to adjust the damages that are paid to employees by regulating the maximum and minimum amount that ought to be paid. The Laws allowing trade unions to represent employees will remain untouched. The French state has taken up measures to stand against the likelihood of illegal employment of foreigners(Charles, 2014). Foreign employees are given visas with minimal periods. These periods can range between six months after which the employer can renew the contract. If the employment contract is not renewed the employee is not allowed to stay in that foreign country. The foreigner is said to be living illegally in a country if they continue to live there whereas their visa is expired(Bussi OReilly, 2016). These kinds of measures are taken so as to ensure that foreign employees are not subjected to harsh working conditions or treated unfairly by their employers in any way. These measures enables the state to keep a record of the foreign employees in their country and they are able to track them down in the case of anything. The state of France has also established a committee that is charged with the responsibility to ensure that it regulates the influx of foreigners into the country(Benigni, 2015). The committee is also charged with the responsibility to ensure that each foreigner has a valid employment contract so as to cut down on incidences of overworking foreign employees or underpaying them. The employment contract is said to be valid if it clearly stipulates the terms of employment. This is a measure to ensure that the foreign employee is well catered for. The Denmark state, just as the state of France, encourages her citizens who consist of the working class to join trade unions. Trade unions are very effective especially in the area of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining is a method used by trade unions to demand the rights of their members(Sahraoui, 2015). Trade unions, however, are gradually becoming very unpopular. This has been proven by the constant drop in the number of membership in trade unions today. The number of members is decreasing at an increasing rate. The state in Denmark is said to handoff in terms of employment relations. This is because the state does not directly involve itself in matters of employment relations. However, just like the state in France, the state enacts laws that are meant to guide employers and employees in their relations(Le Gallo L'Horty, 2017). These laws have helped trade unions to take great advantage of collective bargaining so as to safeguard the interests of the employees. The state has also enacted labour laws which are meant to guide employers and employees in their relations. Those who are found to have broken the law are answerable to it. The Denmark labour laws are adjustable. The state does not give specific minimum wages. The determination of wages is left to collective bargaining. Employers and employees are left to bargain on payments. Another reason why Denmark is said to handoff is that the state does not give specific working hours. Working hours are determined by collective bargaining. Th erefore the employer and employee are solely responsible for the decisions they make on working hours(Mohand-Said, 2017). On the other hand, in France, the state is very keen on working hours. The state has put up stipulations to ensure that no employee is underworked. In France, employment relations are governed by different levels. This does not take place in Denmark. Unlike Denmark, France operates in relation to levels(Malgouyres, 2017). Those at the topmost levels are said to be more superior and powerful as compared to those at lower levels. Thus it can be concluded that the state in France is more hands-on in its role in regulating employment relations. The state in Denmark has made no specifications about whether or not the nation is allowed to work on public holidays. This again is left in the hands of collective bargaining. However, in France, it is a requirement by the state that all employers have a contract of employment for their employees(Blundell Bozio, 2013). In this contract, the details of employment are well stipulated. In the contract, the working hours are clearly stated. The wage or salary of the employee is also stated in the contract. In addition, in the contract, the agreement on holidays and annual leave is also included. This shows that while Denmark is hands off on certain specifications, France has a way of ensuring that it plays its role directly in the system of employment in France. The role the state has played in the system of employment relations in Denmark has been very significant. This is because it has enabled the country to be the second country in Europe to have a very minimal gap between the rich and the poor(Ciganda, 2015). A country with a minimal gap between the rich and the poor is a very successful country because it shows that it is economically developed. A vast majority of people in Denmark are stuck to the middle class whether they are employed or not(Gindling Newhouse, 2014). This is because, even after an employee is laid off, the government supports them in many ways. First and foremost, the laid off employee is subject to monthly allowances by the government. In addition, this individual has access to free medical care and free education. The state supports the individual through a training program where they acquire skills that will enable them to acquire another job in a different field of work. In addition, the worker enjoys subsidized childcare and rent allowances. By so doing the state plays a major role in ensuring that everybody in the country is employed. After going through the training the state helps the individual to get a job(Espinoza Ruiz, 2014). While still jobless the state ensures that they help the individual to maintain a good level of standards of living. They enjoy subsidized prices for food products too. The French state, on the other hand, is not left out in directly catering for the welfare of the employed. This shows its direct involvement in the system of employment. When an individual gets employed, the state requires them to register with the French social security(Mucciarelli, 2017). Under this docket, an employed individual enjoys a lot of benefits. First and foremost, the employer is required to make monthly payments to an employee's social security fund. These monthly payments are usually a fraction of the employee's salary. Through this fund, an employed individual is able to access free healthcare. In addition, the employee can enjoy free maternity services and treatment as well as paid maternity leave. If an employee needs to take sick leave they enjoy paid sick leave and in case they pass away as a result of the sickness, the family of the employee is allowed to claim for pension as long as they have the right documentation to prove that they were descendants of the dec eased(Cahuc, Carcillo, Rinne, 2013). Nevertheless, the employee can enjoy the free medical treatment in case they are involved in an accident during the process of carrying out their responsibilities at work. In case of any serious injuries due to such an accident, the employee can claim compensation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the French state supports employees and employers strongly. It plays a major role in ensuring that the system of employment relations in France run smoothly with both the employees and employers enjoying the work they do. Conclusion In conclusion, therefore, from the above information, it can be said that there are no major disparities in the duties of states in regard to the system of employment both in France and Denmark. Though some of the measures taken to be involved in the system of employment relations by the state may differ, at the end they both achieve the same goal(Body, Bonnal, Giret, 2014). It is noted that the main aim both in Denmark and in France of state involvement in the system of employment relations is to ensure that both the needs of the employers and the employees are well catered for. Through establishing laws to govern employees and employers both the state of France and that of Denmark seek to ensure that no illegalities take place in the name of employment. Both states have also taken up measures to regulate the influx of foreign workers into their country so as to be able to keep tabs with the well being of the foreign workers. Both Denmark and France have an elaborate social securit y welfare system that is geared towards the protection of the welfare both of the employer and the employee(Bergeaud, Cette, Lecat, 2015). Through these social security welfare systems, both the employer and the employees benefit largely. The employees can receive free medical checkups and treatment. They also get compensated in case of accidents. This alleviates the burden on the employer to cater directly for all the needs of the employees. In the case of death, the employer does not bear the burden of compensating the dependants of the deceased. On the contrary, the social security welfare caters for the compensation expenses. Both in Denmark and France, the state has dedicatedly encouraged workers to join trade unions(Chaumet-Riffaud, 2017). Though in France there are specific requirements on wage payment, both states encourage collective bargaining between the employers and employees on how their relations shall be throughout the duration of employment. References Alarcn, A. (2014). Introduction. In French and US Approaches to Foreign Policy. Chicago: Palgrave Macmillan. Benigni, R. (2015). Affaire Baby Loup and lacit in private employment. The France between fundamentalist temptations and protection of religious freedom. Quaderni di diritto e politica ecclesiastica. Bergeaud, A., Cette, G., Lecat, R. (2015). Gross domestic product per capita in France and in advanced economies: the role of productivity and employment. Rue de la Banque. Blundell, R., Bozio, A. (2013). Extensive and intensive margins of labor supply: work and working hours in the US, the UK and France. Fiscal Studies. Body, K., Bonnal, L., Giret, J. (2014). Does student employment really impact academic achievement? The case of France. Applied Economics. Brewster, C., Guery, L., Stevenot, A., Wood, G. (2016). The Impact of Private Equity on Employment: The Consequences of Fund Country of Origin-New Evidence From France. Industrial Relations. Bussi, M., OReilly, J. (2016). Measuring early employment insecurity and its effects. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II). Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES. Cahuc, P., Carcillo, S., Rinne, U. (2013). Youth unemployment in old Europe: the polar cases of France and Germany. Journal of European Labor Studies. Charles, N. (2014). When training is not enough: preparing students for employment in England, France and Sweden. SOCIOLOGIE DU TRAVAIL. Chaumet-Riffaud, A. (2017). Convergence of social policy, employment and labour: the European equation. Nottingham Insolvency and Business Law e-Journal. Ciganda, D. (2015). Unstable work histories and fertility in France: An adaptation of sequence complexity measures to employment trajectories. Demographic Research. Espinoza, R. A., Ruiz, M. (2014). Labor Tax Cuts and Employment: A General Equilibrium Approach for France. International Monetary Fund. Gilpin, R. (2016 ). The political economy of international relations. Colorado: Princeton University Press. Gindling, T., Newhouse, D. (2014). Self-employment in the developing world. World Development. Jacquemond, M., Breau, S. (2015). A spatial analysis of precarious forms of employment in France. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. Kahler, M. (2014 ). Decolonization in Britain and France: the domestic consequences of international relations. Colorado: Princeton University Press. Le Gallo, J., L'Horty, Y. (2017). Does enhanced mobility of young people improve employment and housing outcomes? Evidence from a large and controlled experiment in France. Journal of Urban Economics. Malgouyres, C. (2017). The impact of chinese import competition on the local structure of employment and wages: Evidence from france. Journal of Regional Science. Mohand-Said, S. (2017). Impact of Retinitis Pigmentosa on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Employment Among Young Adults. American Journal of Ophthalmology. Mucciarelli, F. (2017). Employee Insolvency Priorities and Employment Protection in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Journal of Law and Society. Sahraoui, N. (2015). Gender, migration and domestic employment in France and in Italy. Toth, D., Maitah, M., Stefkova, M. (2014). Comparative research of youth employment in France and the Czech Republic. Research Journal of Applied Sciences.

Friday, April 10, 2020

Arthur Miller And Individualism Essays - Daisy Miller, Individualism

Arthur Miller And Individualism Individualism has always been close and dear to American hearts. Even since colonial days, Americans have fought for and displayed individualism. Americans thrive on their differences and ideals to run their daily lives. The four stories Daisy Miller, Back to Babylon, Invisible Man, and Death of a Salesman display just that. The first story Daisy Miller, by Henry James, is about an American female in European culture. Daisy, as you can see from her name, is a very plain and common girl. There is nothing royal or elite about her. On the other hand, she meets a Swiss man named Winterbourne. As you can tell from his name, he is very pristine and distinguished. This in a sense describes the vast difference in characters that compose America and other countries. The men around Daisy perceived her as a stereotypical American flirt. On Daisy's trip to Italy, she once again meets a man. Apparently, Daisy has an attraction to the foreign folk, this time an Italian chap named Giovanelli. He and Winterbourne constantly are fighting over the courting over Daisy. Finally, Daisy's "flirting" got the best of her. She contracted Roman fever and passed away. From that point on, men were always in arguments, blaming each other for Daisy's death. This shows how American ideals can effect other societies. Winterbourne, Giovanelli, and others were so enthralled by this American, it ultimately ended up in death. Fitzgerald's Back to Babylon also portrays Americans as different than their European counterparts. This story is about a wealthy American female who is falling for a French playboy. Here, Fitzgerald displays the Americans as individuals who are intrigued by foreigners. Americans have fought for separation for centuries, however ironically we cannot get enough of other countries. In the story, the American and Frenchman get married. They are a perfect match for one another, both drunks and separated from the rest of the world. Their life seems to keep going in the same direction, no where except down. Their drinking habits catch up to them and lose all their money in the great stock market crash. In the end, Fitzgerald shows of money, drugs, and life's individual purposes sometimes get intertwined. Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man depicts an African American salve in the Deep South. Presenting individualism in the Deep South by a black man was totally unheard-of in his days. The black man, Jackson, was very smart. So smart indeed, he received a scholarship for his scholastic achievements. One very hard moment for Jackson was when he was invited to the predominately white grand ball. The ball was put on by whites, for the whites, and to recognize the whites. Jackson swallowed his pride and attended the ball. This showed great individualism from Jackson to step up to society and take one for his people. Arthur Miller's classic, Death of a Salesman is very different from the rest of the short stories discussed in this paper. Rather than comparing Americans to each other, Miller contrasts one person throughout time. Willie Loaman was a struggling salesman living in Brooklyn at the end of his career. Willie has a hard time facing with reality and realizes that his time is over. In order for Individualism to be present, a person must be strong-willed and self-sufficient. During his life, Willie has been both of those. However, nowadays he is living his life through his two boys and keeps having flashbacks of when times where better. Loaman was a very proud person. He always would proclaim how much he made a week and how he could sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo. He kept these figures and instances close to his heart and never gave them up. It takes a strong individual to do just that. As you can see from the four stories Daisy Miller, Back to Babylon, Invisible Man, and Death of a Salesman, Individualism can be portrayed and examined numerous ways. It could be described as internal and external, personal or societal. Americans are for surely a different breed. We are unique in the fact that we express our differences and praise them. Individualism is one of the few traits that Americans can call "theirs".

Monday, March 9, 2020

Essay on How Insurance Works

Essay on How Insurance Works Essay on How Insurance Works This is a free example essay on Insurance: In August of 2003 I took a position with AdminOne Corporation located in Bentonville, Arkansas as a Financial Services/Systems assistant. AdminOne is a privately owned and operated Third Party Administration that provides all of its clients virtually all their benefit needs. We work directly with employers representing a wide variety of industries to provide a comprehensive assortment of services with hassle-free Customer Service. For organizations determining that the high cost of health care requires alternate methods of funding, plan design, and plan management, AdminOne can provide many different functions. Some of these functions include: preparing all communication material, assisting in the implementation of the plan, recommending cost containment procedures and plan document changes, analyzing existing plan benefits and funding methods. Additionally, AdminOne also provides a wide variety of other products and services at the client’s demand, such as life insurance, long term disability, short-term disability, 401K plans, etc. As like many organizations, AdminOne feels that our customers deserve the highest quality of service and administration of their benefit plans. In keeping this our main focus, we have acquired the highest quality, technologically advanced claims adjudication system available on the market. AdminOne use the RIMS (Resource Information Management System, Inc.) system. RIMS began their business in 1981 and are still the dominant leader in claims adjudication systems. There are over 400 insurance companies across the United States that use the RIMS system, however, they haven’t seen the advantage of AdminOne. We believe we have an advantage over other insurance companies because we have built in the technology and automation functions to provide the maximum opportunity to pay claims accurately, timely, and in the most cost efficient manner for our clients. Our system is way more advanced than other insurance companies in many ways. First of all, it has the ability to link multiple fee schedules to single providers. Second, unlimited note screens can be used to aid in the documentation of every inquiry. Third, every customer who comes through us can doesn’t have to worry about fraud or abuse to their benefit plans. This is because we have installed a security system that will detect any hacking or abuse to any benefit programs. We believe this added on feature should keep clients knocking on our door for service. A new addition to our RIMS system is our customized client access website. This website is actually connected with our RIMS software so that clients can actually view their current claims. This is another advantage for us in that it keeps the phones from ringing all of the time. For example, if Allen Canning Co. wanted to access their current claims and make an adjustment because of termination of one of its employees, they could easily visit our website and make the adjustments themselves. This keeps our clients from having to call in and requiring us to make the manual adjustment. Moreover, to keep our system up to date and working efficiently, it was imperative that AdminOne recruit a systems team. There were five positions that needed to be filled and I was one of the recruits for the position. My primary responsibility, as a systems assistant, is to help my supervisor, Angie Baker, with client billing functions, implementation procedures for new clients and new computer systems and training on new systems. I actually talk to clients, such as Allen Canning Co, and help them decide how they want their claims invoices to look like. This usually takes thirty minutes to an hour to complete. Following the interview, I take their claims information and input the data in to RIMS. However, the process of inputting the data can be very extensive because every piece of information about each customer of the organization must be inputted. Then I go through a huge amount of modules and processes to produce the desired result, the invoice. Each invoice has its own number and group name associated with it. For instance, if I see AC802 in the top right corner of the plan document, I know that am working on Allen Canning Company’s invoice. Another responsibility of mine is to train clients on our custom designed client access website. I travel at least once a week to the surrounding cities and train our clients on how to use our website. Most of the time I meet with managers and other users of the system to insure they know how to input the data correctly. Most of the users have a general idea on how to use the system, but there are a few that don’t and I have to start from scratch. Furthermore, after the managers and current users understand how our website works, I give them user names and passwords which RIMS already assigns to their group name. After all this, they are now ready to view their claims and make any adjustments where they are needed. However, the clients only have limited access to our website. For instance, they cannot go into our system to change billing rates or selecting a different plan. That is something that only AdminOne has access to and there cannot be any debate. The client access website is one part of our system that I tend to a lot of the time. At the end of every day, I log in to the RIMS website and download any changes that went on in the system. For instance, if A.G. Russell Knives hired some new employees and added them to their plan, then I would extract that data and save it to our main server, which contains all of our client information. However, we do back up the server weekly to prevent loss of information in case of a fire or something along those lines. Moreover, I deal a lot with marketing materials, presentations, and proposals when necessary. For instance, whenever AdminOne has the opportunity to acquire a new client, our company will have meeting with that client in person or via videoconferencing. Sometimes I will join my team and participate in these meetings. The topics usually discussed in these meetings range from new ideas on administrative software to potential clients that we could obtain in the future. The meetings are normally 30 minutes to an hour and are very beneficial to our company. In addition to working for AdminOne as a systems assistant, I also do a number of job duties for the financial side. My primary responsibility is to update our RIMS system whenever we receive payment from our clients or when we have to cut checks to our re-insurance carriers. This is the more complicated area of my job and requires a lot more number crunching. I actually assist our accountant in keeping AdminOne’s books balanced and make sure that the money we receive goes in the correct account. My favorite part of the financial services assistant is the monthly billing, which we generate through our RIMS software. The process for calculating invoices and printing them from our server can actually be quite tedious. For example, whenever we get a new client, it is my duty to input their plan information into our system as soon as possible. I do this by creating a new table in RIMS that is specifically for our new client. Then I give them a group number, which is generated by RIMS, so that we can distinguish them from other clients. After all this is completed, RIMS will calculate their invoice based on what I input. However, since AdminOne is a third party insurance provider, we do not get all of the money that comes from paying the invoice. We have to pay other PPO carriers and re-insurance carriers based on a percentage that I enter. This is where the hard stuff comes into play because every client we have has a completely different plan. Some companies prefer to use a brok er and some clients prefer to use re-insurance carriers. Whatever the client’s decision may be; the point is that we actually enter the disbursement of payment into RIMS and it calculates the fees for us. That is the awesome attribute about RIMS because everything is automated. In addition to using the RIMS software, I also use many other software applications to complete my duties as a financial services assistant. Microsoft Excel and Quick Books are the main two that I use quite often. These applications are used to record payments whenever we receive them and aid in the accounts payable process. For instance, after I receive payment from Allen Canning Co, I open Allen Canning’s folder in Excel and update their information. This information includes the current number of people that is on their plan, which PPO carriers they used, and if they used a broker. Next I print out all of their sheets on Excel and match them to the printouts that RIMS generated. If all is correct then we are ready to cut the checks to the appropriate providers. Following the update of Excel, I then turn my attention to Quick Books. First, I prepare all of the paperwork, which was generated by RIMS and Excel, to enter the exact dollar amount. This part is very crucial because if I make one mistake it will throw off our balance sheet and income statement. Then we could possibly cut too much money or not enough. Second, I take the dollar amounts that I just entered and create a balance sheet that is generated by Quick Books. These balance sheets are then matched with our projected balance sheets that we generate earlier in the month. Sometimes the balance sheets don’t match up, but that doesn’t mean that there was an error entering the dollar amounts. It could mean that their head count had changed for their plan, such as firing someone or hiring someone. Next, after we have matched up the balance sheets, and everything looks good, we then cut the checks to the other providers. These checks are actually produced through Quick Boo ks and contain the dollar amounts for which I entered earlier in the process. Finally, after all the checks have been cut I immediately take them to our mailbox so that they can be mailed to the providers. One additional thing I did learn from my co-op experience was the act of confidentiality. This doesn’t play a big role in all organizations, but it is huge at AdminOne. It is imperative at insurance firms to keep all customers’ information kept suppressed. For instance, if I accidentally sent Allen Canning’s invoice to the wrong company, that firm could view their rates and what they are billed. This could pose a huge problem because the other firm may view their rates as being higher than Allen Canning’s and get very frustrated and we could possibly lose their business. Because everybody knows that insurance rates and premiums are based on whether the client is more risky or less risky. If they are more risky, then they will have to pay a higher premium and if they are less risky, they will pay a lower premium. Another example of keeping information suppressed is our internal network, or intranet. AdminOne has their own private network within the company that holds only accounting information and billing information. These records are to be kept suppressed at all times and AdminOne employees make sure that it does. That is why we install firewalls and blockers to keep outsiders from hacking into our system. There has been never been an occasion where anyone has tried to hack in, but there is always a first time for everything. So I guess you could see how keeping information suppressed is a must in an insurance organization. Upon joining AdminOne in early August, I really didn’t know what to expect since this was my first job in a real work environment. So I decided to come up with three objectives, or goals, that I could try to achieve throughout my co-op experience. The first goal that I set for myself was to obtain a better understanding of how internal business procedures actually work. Because I learn about them all of the time from the classes that I take and I really want to see if that is how it actually is in a real environment. The second objective that I came up with was to learn how to implement new systems in a real work setting. I believe that this is important for all ISYS majors for the simple fact that computer systems are always changing. New hardware and software hits the market all of the time and it is important as an ISYS major to become familiar with as much as you can. My third and final objective was to learn how to prioritize my duties so that I could be more efficient. S ince this was my first real job, I thought that this would be a good objective because it would definitely look good to my employer if I got a lot of work done in a short amount of time. I believe that it makes a person look good and motivated if they can prioritize and get more things done in a small amount of time. In conclusion, I would like to say that this co-op experience has really helped me in many ways. I am very fortunate I received a job that had something to do with my major and it has encouraged me to keep pursuing a career in this field of study. Since I have been working for AdminOne, I have learned so much more about my job than I ever could from a textbook. Not saying that the classes I have taken haven’t helped me, but I actually got some hands on experience while working there. For example, I have learned how to use many more software programs than I ever had while taking my ISYS classes. However, there are a few classes that really helped me out and can now see what they were talking about all this time. My Organizational Behavior class is one of the main classes where I developed a strong foundation. In that class we learned about the roles and norms of certain organizations and how they all differ depending on the organization in which you work. And on the first day o f my job I could see with my own eyes what they were talking about. I saw how all of my co-workers conducted themselves in the work environment and outside the work environment. I also leaned about our dress code while working at AdminOne, which is norm itself. In addition, my Business Statistics class was another key factor. I believe if I hadn’t taken that class, I wouldn’t be where I am because the job that I have right now requires a lot of number crunching. That is basically all we learned in Business statistics. Overall I am very pleased with my co-op experience and believe it will be very beneficial for my future. I enjoyed telling you about my organization and I hope you now have a better understanding of what we do. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. 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Saturday, February 22, 2020

InTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

InTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS - Assignment Example Conventional theory argues that liberation in trade should benefit the developing countries more than it benefitted the developed countries because globalisation is supposed to assist the countrys joining the bigger economies have access to their markets. On the contrary, it is the developed countries which have been gaining instead. On April 10, 2006, immediately after the director general had announced that they were planning to implement the Doha strategy some countries like U.S started demanding benefits for its own economy in case they provide aid to LDCs. I agree; WTO is meant to improve comprative advantage and hence increase international trade. WTO has made progressive in balancing trade between developed countries and developing countries, however, for globalization to be achieved, WTO will have to lower export tarrrifs for LCDs. Also developed countries should provide a good political

Thursday, February 6, 2020

WHEN THE BOYS FIND THEMSELVES STRANDED ON A REMOTE ISLAND, THEY Term Paper

WHEN THE BOYS FIND THEMSELVES STRANDED ON A REMOTE ISLAND, THEY QUICKLY BEGIN THE PROJECT OF BUILDING A ROUGH APPROXIMATION OF SOCIETY AND ATTEMPT TO CREAT A PARADISE - Term Paper Example Right from building fires for the purpose of creating signals to losing out on all the hope that the boys had, the small group tries to stick together and aspire for a better tomorrow where they would eventually be found by someone and taken back home. However, the flames quickly take over the entire forest due to negligence on part of the young boys and that leads to some more trouble for them to face. The boys have no experience in living life or reality on their own; they have always lived under the shadows of their parents and have grown up with comfort and assistance beside them. Getting trapped on an island, the way they were, opened up their eyes to the world and helped them to embark upon a journey full of maturity. They soon begin to miss their parents even though at first the entire sense of being away from parental guidance envelopes them with happiness and excitement. They begin to understand the kind of responsibility that their parents had to shoulder in order to help them grow up into civil and beautiful human beings. (SparkNotes Editors.) The boys try to create a family of their own among themselves because they soon begin to realize that if they do not stick with each other, they will not be able to escape from the place. With time, they also begin to realize how vital team work is in carrying out any activity. They begin to understand the need for having each other around and quit bickering. Much the same way, society was born at some point of time and has failed in some areas to grow and develop because of the differences that people have created among each other. This book is an excellent example of how tribal groups were created in the past and still are in the modern world. It shows a clear picture of how people learn to survive with each other and how a presence is required in order to be able to live and survive on this planet despite a person not liking other people as much. One of the boys, Jack, is an example

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Khaleeji (Arab Gulf) Dialectic Essay Example for Free

Khaleeji (Arab Gulf) Dialectic Essay Khaleeji dialectic or Gulf Arabic is the language of Arabic native to Arab nationals such as the United Arab Emirates, Qatar or Kuwait. Constitute countries of UAE include Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi among other member countries. Others include Kuwait, Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and most parts of Southern Iraq, State of Qatar and the Sultanante of Oman. Khaleeji is not a written but spoken language by many countries in United Arab Emirates (Sami, 1999). Countries within these regions are Arabic which is also known as Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Gulf Arabic also known as Khaleeji is a variety of Arabic language spoken by nationalities from Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Khaleeji dialectic has some notable characteristics that differentiate it from other Arabian dialects such as a number of slang terms and pronunciation of certain words. The users of the language have similar ethical originality especially true Arabs who trace their origin from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar or Bahrain. Immigrants from Persian Gulf have different language from that of Khaleeji. A good example to reflect this is the use of language by people from GCC who are in a position to communicate and understand each other because their dialect is very similar (Gabriel, 2003). Accent of different users tend to differ from one region to another owing to their place of origin. United Arab Emirates share a lot of slang terms with individuals from Bahrain. People from Bahrain and Qatar both have undeniable similarity in the use of their language. Saudi Arabia itself has a number of dialects whereby people from the northern part of the country sound different from those from the southern part of the country. People from Jeddah have notable accent while those from Eastern province have an accent similar to those from Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait (Jacques, 2003). The language is used in the press such as television, radios, magazines and newspapers. Officials in the government use this language to communicate important information and it is applied in day-to-day tasks by Gulf Arabs. Gulf Arabic is a variety of Arabic language spoken around the Persian Gulf. Some notable characteristics that differentiate Khaleeji language include small number of Persian loanwords and pronunciation of â€Å"k† as â€Å"ch† (Leslie, 2003). The background of Khaleeji dialectic can be traced from Old North Arabian dialects of pre-Islamic Arabia. As a matter of fact, early Arabic language had noticeable dialect distinctions between Adnan, Himyar and Qahtanite. The spread of Islam in 7th century made Quranic Araqbic to be one of the most prevalent dialects (Buhier, 2001). Vernacular Arabic was first recognized as a written language in contrast to Classical Arabic during the 17th century. In African continent, Egypt was a major developer of elite that led to formation of certain trends towards colloquial writing. In the modern world, Arabs have different spoken dialects from literary Arabic. Another basis of Khaleeji dialect is related to Arabic pronunciation which is central to Semitic language. The language is related to other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Neo-Aramaic languages. Khaleeji language has more speakers than any other language in Semitic language family. It is the first language with a number of two hundred and eighty million people. Most of the people speaking this language live in Middle East and North Africa. Khaleeji dialect has a variety of geographically distributed speakers some of which are mutually unintelligible. The Islamic world has borrowed a number of words from Arabic languages meaning that they share certain accents. In the middle ages, Arabic was a major concern of cultural practices by many European languages. Arabic language has influence from many Mediterranean languages especially Spanish, Sicilian and Portuguese (Mufwene, 2001). This owes both to proximity of Arab civilizations and European during the 700 years of Islamic rule. Khaleeji dialect borrows words from other languages including Hebrew, Persian and Syriac in the early centuries. In the modern times, Arabic language has some sentiments of European language. The central dialect known as Khaleeji in Saudi Arabia is one of the closest dialects to classical Arabic. The Arabs are united by one language which is a common aspect that helped the Arabs to change Persian Gulf. A brief description of the Persian Gulf a major development in Khaleeji dialect is very crucial to help understand the background of such language (Hrair, 1998). The Persian Gulf was a re-known transportation route that declined with fall of Mesopotamia. The region was under the control of Arabs, Persians, Western Europeans and Turks. The Arabs, Persians and Turks are our major relevant issues in this paper. The Arab sheikhdoms of Persian Gulf signed perpetual maritime truce that led to formalization of certain truces. The sheiks agreed to stop harassment of British shipping in Arabian Sea and recognize Britain as the dominant power in the gulf. These Sheikdoms became to be known as the crucial States upon the agreements by major powers around 1907. This led to a development of Khaleeji dialect which differentiates individuals from different Arabic background. Arabic language is Semitic with a variety of dialects that diverge from one country to another and within single country. There are two major classification of the language such as classical and standard Arabic with certain variants. Arabic in its native environment occurs in a diglossic situation meaning that native speakers in Arabic countries learn on how to use two different forms of language (Peter, 2001). In the Arabic countries, they learn their mother tongue which is used nearly in all communication including films, plays and music. Modern Standard Arabic is another major class of Arabic language learned in schools and is used in most printed work, formal institutions and public media. The use of the two major classes of language differs from one country to another, speaker to speaker and subject matter of discussion. People make mistakes when they assume that all Gulf Arabs are same in which case there is a big difference. The difference is as vast as in other various forms of national interest such as the dress code. The local United Arab Emirates has origins that come from within and outside Arabian territory. The emirate people have their origin from diverse places such as Yemen, Asian sub-continent, Iran and khaleeji. There are a number of ethnic groups that depict the difference between the users of Khaleeji dialect and other languages. Bani Yas is a major focus in the aspect of discussing Arabic ethnicities. The Balushi people are the entertainers of indigenous population which is more approachable than any other nationals in UAE. They are considered as entertainers because of their humorous nature and their character of easy going. The Balushistans have their roots in Iran and borrows some Pakistan traits (Katzner, 2002). A major concern is their dress code and use of language with slight difference from other Arabic countries. A major development has been made to bring out clearly the speakers of Khaleeji dialect. This is clearly depicted in cultural and religious practices. People try to merge culture and religion to mean the same thing but this is not possible as the two terms mean different things. An important aspect of Khaleeji is its values and meaning it has to different Arabic countries. However, the Arabic society is considered to be one entity but with different cultural practices. The common element in this aspect is the issue of Islamic observations. Islam and Arabs have common traits but they have a number of differences. The Arabian culture is rich with rituals and customs that are not particularly practices by the Islam. Islam tried to borrow some cultural observations from Arabs and in other situations they have tried to abolish some Arabic practices. In the past the Islamic and Arabic interaction was dynamic leading to a development of certain languages. Islam added to Arabian culture leading to existence of new Hadiths with odd endorsed concepts. The Islam was very stern trying to shape a new nation out of the Arabs and abolished Arab nationalism into a new Islamic identity (Gabriel, 2003). However this was never achieved as individuals had different feelings of belonging. There have been various changes in feeling with change of circumstances, time and surroundings. Majority of Arabic countries that use the Khaleeji language are not in a state of take or leave it with Islam. They pick and choose what suits their personal beliefs or lifestyles. Another consideration is what the society makes an easy option relating to what has been accustomed to them. A blend between Islam and Arabia is the current structure of Arabic society. The society has a number of components that vary in proportion from one individual to another. Different cultures that in region aboard merchant ships and commercial jets. Language is an aspect of connecting Gulf’s population at home and on the street. A development of the Gulf Pidgin Arabic (GAP) a testament to the ability of trade and development creates something new. A mixture of Khaleeji Arabic and South Asian languages has gained recognition as Lingua franca on the streets. Many people are interested in learning Khaleeji language so as to get employed in many countries of United Arab Emirates. A country like Dubai is known for its booming business of textile and electronic goods. Business people should have a common language that promotes the extent of doing business (Peter, 2001). A businessperson should be in a position to communicate with customers in a language which is understood by the two partners. Talking to a neighbor or colleagues is of essence and requires each party to understand the essence of communication. Khaleeji has been of importance to business people and other individuals who travel to Arabic countries in search of jobs. Many individuals from Africa and other developing nations opt to look for employment opportunities in UAE countries. This requires the job seekers to learn Arabic language so as to fit in the job market. Communication is of essence and many individuals opt to choose the best way for passing information without a break down of specific channels. Khaleeji dialectic is a major development in Arabic countries used by musicians to entertain their listeners (Barnett, 2000). As a language it is used by media to broadcast news and air entertaining television shows or programs. Arab artists sing in Gulf dialect but many listeners confuse their tones with other languages. Some of the musicians do it for money and others for fame. Diana is one of the best-known artists who use Arab Gulf to entertain her listeners. This is not a new trend and has been going on since the 1970’s and the listeners look at it in terms of performance and implications of the words. Khaleeji dialect is not as simple as people think but if an artist is in a position to master Bedouin dialect in their own countries, they have no difficult when using Gulf dialect to perform their music. Most Arabic countries have close forms of Bedouin dialect but this is never heard in main cities. It is commonly used by people in desert town or countryside to promote their cultural values. Many successful singers in Arabic countries who use Gulf dialect are usually best in their own countries dialect. This means that a singer should be very well conversant with his or her own country dialect before using Gulf dialect. Singers without their own countries dialect will have their original accent come through even if they try to use proper vocabulary used in Gulf countries (Sami, 1999). This is a major problem because singers may not be in a position to control turning ‘Th’ into ‘S’. This problem is generally with people living in cities as they are called city dialects. The problem is major because it reaches a certain situation when singers complicate words to pronounce grammar phonics wrong. Once this happens the meaning of the song or communicated message is changed. The problem in this situation arises as a result of poor rooted grammar from young age. However, some other people have no problem with Gulf dialect as they have good command of language. A few number of Gulf artists sing in other Arabic dialects as well as in Arab which is also a Gulf dialect. This means that such artists are on their home turf which promotes production of good music. Khaleeji just means Gulf and it is a regional thing which relates to traditional music styles from Arab Persian Gulf states. The major difference is the rhythms distinct from other Arabic countries. Khaleeji dialectic used in music is drawn from Indian and African sources. Artists from Gulf States perform their music in styles from other countries. Khaleeji dialectic used in music is popular in Arabic countries especially radio stations. The stations play music from this genre in which most Arabic singers normally sing in this particular genre. Most of them record their music in khaleeji style to cater for particular niche audience. Dubai is one of the main production centers for Khaleeji music in the recent past. Rabsha Art Production studio is a major studio in United Arab Emirates that specializes in Khaleeji music. It is one of the best known music studios that promote Khaleeji language. This is achieved through promotional campaigns undertaken by various channels. The studio is equipped with special tools and music software applications available for top quality condenser. This ensures that quality of acoustic recordings meets international standards. Khaleeji music is based on peculiar rhythmic patterns accompanied by hand clapping. The genre of music is linked to belly dancing with particular traditional acoustic instruments. Traditional acoustic instruments create harmony leaving a room for couple of instrument solos. The Khaleeji sound is created through the use of traditional acoustic instruments such as Oud the Arabic lute. Other instruments used include Qanoon which resembles plucked harp and the Rababa a bowed fiddle. Khaleeji style has not changed over time, as people from Persian Gulf are proud of their cultural heritage. The rhythmic layers of the music are pretty much traditional in both style and sound. Recently, the genre of music has taken a new trend whereby there is application of modern instruments which gives the music additional contemporary flavor. The music genre uses certain elements of traditional and modern instruments giving it entertaining beats. The genre of music has found a huge number of customer bases not only in the UAE market but in Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Iran. Rabsha is a development that shows the evaluation of digital technologies and virtual instruments. Application of modern technology is a basic consideration in production studios and other digital workstations. This means that application of technology has shaped the music career in Arabic countries. The situation has led to creation of employment opportunities a measure for improving economic development. Many production studios in UAE apply software and other technologies to produce quality music. However, there has been a down play in the process of producing music whereby there are no available plug-in to replace natural sound of real Oud player. The producer of music has his own sound trademark as a result of using real instruments. Once the music has been produced, the producer uses midi-driven samples to spice up the mix. This is a step that has led to promotion of Khaleeji dialectic in many Arabic countries and other states. One major known producer of Khaleeji music is Alali who runs Rabsha radio station. The producer works with a team of known Khaleeji artists such as Qanoon player, Saadek, Hassan Faleh and Haythan Sadoon. Alali is a well re-known television presenter who has helped to change the mode of music composition approach. He says that working in the capacity of editing pictures has dramatically changed the capacity to compose music. This has led to improvement of songwriting and mixing skills of videos. The process of producing music is very extensive and calls for allocation of time in the aspect of promoting music as a career and advancement of entertainment industry. In this case, Alali is in a position to expand his studio so as to meet increased demand of video music. Clients have been in massive demand of his music and he provides them with the capacity to record and edit their music from his studio. The relevant concept of this argument is the fact of promoting Khaleeji dialectic through music videos. A major advantage in this concept is the application of package music track under one roof. The use of khaleeji dialectic in music is destined to be more important in future as it is gaining popularity among other non-Arabic audiences. Although it is based on traditional concepts, the act of producing the music through digital technology means that it is available via the internet. This therefore is an implication that such music is accessible to other listeners all over the world. The production of music through traditional Khaleeji gives it a modern touch that widens its appeal. Khaleeji music is very entertaining and this attracts many people to listen such music. In certain circumstances, individuals develop a mechanism for developing music genre which is basically essential in media (Barnett, 2000). Khaleeji dialect which is developed from different Arabic countries has led to advancement in entertainment sector through music, films and dance. As a major area of concern in the history of Arabic countries, Khaleeji dance basically known as belly dance is a way of promoting Khaleeji dialect. It is a typical style of Arabic peninsula and Persian Gulf including countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen and some parts of Iraq. The belly dance performed by different Arabic countries is different from the one that is performed by Egyptians, Turkish and Lebanese. Language in any particular nation is a reflection of cultural practices and dance styles. In this case a major concern is in promotion of language through Khaleeji dance performed by people wearing characteristic piece of clothing called thobe nasshal. Khaleeji dance is performed through an Arabic dance style that involves a lot of focus on footwork, movements and spins. Dancers toss their unbound hair from one shoulder to the other as per the rhythm. Khaleeji rhythm is different from classical Middle Eastern rhythms characterized by heavy beats. One common used rhythm is the Saudi rhythm with heavy accents on beats. Instruments used for Khaleeji style are frame drums such as bendirs or tars while ud is used as the primary instrument. Apart from the various issues of Khaleeji music and dance as discussed above which reflects Khaleeji dialect, there is a major issue related to dialectal various in Arabic languages. In some dialects there may be more or fewer phonemes than in non-Arabic languages. The variations exist between written and spoken language a major aspect that differentiates Khaleeji language from foreign languages (Leslie, 2003). Certain Arabic dialects differentiate some letters from other Semitic languages. During the past decades, expansion of Arabic characterized by emphatic phonemes meant a single phoneme. A major distinguishing mark of Arabic dialects is the application of certain stops. The grammatical concept of Khaleeji dialects differs from other Semitic languages. The algebraic looking grammar is the distinguishing mark between Arabic language and other foreign languages. Arabic language a major reflection of Khaleeji dialectic borrowed a number of religious terminologies, academic and economic terms used in every day activity. Arabic worlds with Khaleeji dialect also made their way into several West African languages as Islam tried to spread through the Sahara. Arabic language can be associated with Latin in Europe throughout the Islamic world. Many Arabic concepts are applied in certain fields such as science, commerce or philosophy. People like to use Arabic language with the help of translators who are known from the way they pronounce certain Arabic words. In addition, foreign concepts are translated into Arabic meaning so as to make every person in a given gathering understand message being communicated (Jacques, 2003). Khaleeji dialect is reflected in many different Arabic countries through its application in many aspects of life. References Barnett, N. (2000). Dialogues in Arab Politics: Negotiations in Regional Order. New York: Columbia University Press Buhier, M. (2001). The Formation and Perception of the Modern Arab World. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press Gabriel B. (2003). Minorities and the State in the Arab World. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers Hrair, D. (1998). Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press Jacques, M. (2003). Languages in a Globalizing World. New York: Cambridge University Press Katzner, K. (2002). The Languages of the World: Language and Languages. London: Routledge Leslie, J. (2003). Colloquial Arabic (Khaleeji). London: Routledge. Mufwene. S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. London: Cambridge University Press Peter, C. (2001). Ideology of Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lereczowski on Dialectical Progress. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Sami, H. (1999). Arab Socialism: A Documentary Survey of Dialectical Transformations. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press